6/27/2005

【筆記】preamble影響claim construction的整理

【筆記】preamble影響claim construction的整理

哈金上“hcfarn”的整理:
目前實務上檢視preamble 由case law 的整理下大慨可以分為兩個法則:
1.A preamble is a limitation of a claim if it “gives life, meaning, and vitality to a claim.
2. recites an intended use, a purpose or an environment.
理論上來說,如果以第一點論,基本上preamble 的element 如果符合的話,會成為limitation, 反之如果是第二種法則的話,理論上是不會,但是也有些時候會有例外(Griffin v. Bertina, Fed. Cir. 2002).

因此,什麼情況下會造成““gives life, meaning, and vitality to a claim”,是研究preamble最主要的部分了,這個部分也只能研究case才能更清楚它的界線在哪,可參考這篇日本所做的“小論文”,它整理出17個有關preamble的判例。上述小論文雖然是日文的,但也值得下載,可以看看作者摘錄判決書中的幾句文字。

最常被引用到的4個判例:
判決1: Bell Communications Research Inc. v. Vitalink Communications Corp., 1995(5)
判決2: Pitney Bowes Inc v. Hewlett-Packard Co., June 23, 1999
判決3: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company v. Ben Venue Laboratories Inc etc., April 20, 2001
判決4: Catalina Marketing International Inc. v. Coolsavings.com Inc, May 8, 2002

其他還有:
判決5: Storage Technology Corp. v. Cisco Systems, Inc, May 13, 2003
判決6: Eaton Corp. v. Rockwell International Corp., March 27, 2003
判決7: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. v. Schering-Plough Corp., February 21, 2003
判決8: Altiris, Inc. v. Symantec Corp., February 12, 2003
判決9: Shumer v. Laboratory Computer System Inc., October 22, 2002
判決10:Allen Engineering Corp. v. Bartell Industries, Inc, August 1, 2002
判決11:Manning v. Paradis, July 12, 2002
判決12:Griffin v. Bertina, April 2, 2002
判決13:IMS Tech Inc v. Haas Automation, March 27, 2000
判決14:STX LLC v. Brine Inc, April 13, 2000
判決15:Rowe v. Dror, April 21, 1997
判決16:Applied Materials Inc v. Advanced Semiconductor Materials Am. Inc, October 24, 1996
判決17:Corning Glass Works v. Sumitomo Electric U.S.A Inc, February 22, 1989

上述判決中,將preamble視為限制條件的有判決1、2、5(僅針對方法)、7、11、12、15、16、17。

關於美國聯邦法規和MPEP的部分,可參考如下:
(1) 37CFR1.75(e)(1)
「A preamble comprising a general description of all the elements or steps of the claimed combination which are conventional or known,」
(2) MPEP2129 Admissions as Prior Art /
A JEPSON CLAIM RESULTS IN AN IMPLIED ADMISSION THAT PREAMBLE IS PRIOR ART
「The preamble elements in a Jepson-type claim ( ... ) “are impliedly admitted to be old in the art, ... but it is only an implied admission.” ...」
(3) MPEP2111.02 Weight of Preamble
「The preamble is not given the effect of a limitation unless it breathes life and meaning into the claim. In order to limit the claim, the preamble must be “essential to point out the invention defined by the claim.” Kropa v. Robie, 187 F.2d 150, 152, 88 USPQ 478, 481 (CCPA 1951)」

以前也曾整理過一部分,參見“這裡”。也可參考 MPEP 608 的部分,它有分段說明。


註:我並沒有仔細研究這些判例,整理此篇是給希望研究preamble的人一個方向,應該可以省去不少的時間,若有什麼心得,也請您不吝分享(ides13@gmail.com),謝謝。

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