【102】關於37 CFR 1.131及37 CFR 1.132 affidavit

若參考文獻屬於發明人自己的作品，美專102(a)和102(e)，兩者皆可用37 CFR 1.131或37 CFR 1.132 affidavit來克服。

可參考一下MPEP 706.02(b) Overcoming a 35 U.S.C. 102 Rejection Based on a Printed Publication or Patent [R-2] 的部分：

A rejection based on 35 U.S.C. 102(e) can be overcome by:
(C) Filing an affidavit or declaration under 37 CFR 1.132 showing that the reference invention is not by “another.” See MPEP § 715.01(a), § 715.01(c), and § 716.10;
(D) Filing an affidavit or declaration under 37 CFR 1.131 showing prior invention, if the reference is not a U.S. patent or a U.S. patent application publication claiming the same patentable invention as defined in 37 CFR 1.601(n).

●37 CFR 1.132用來顯示參考文獻不是由別人所發明的（to show derivation of the reference subject matter from applicant and invention by applicant. ）。
●37 CFR 1.131用來顯示自己的發明日早於參考文獻，另應注意它的“If”之後的條件。
還可參照這篇文章：
Rule 131 originally permitted “swearing behind” for an application that “does not claim the rejected invention.” The CCPA “conclude[d] that the phrase ‘does not claim the rejected invention’ should be construed favorably to an applicant, if possible, so that unless applicant is clearly claiming the same invention as the U.S. patent reference, he will not lose his rights under Rule 131.” In re Eickmeyer, 602 F.2d 974, 979 (CCPA 1979) (italics in original). The PTO amended Rule 131 by replacing the phrase “the rejected invention” with the phrase “the same patentable invention as defined in § 601(n).” 53 Fed. Reg. 23728 (June 23, 1988).

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另一個網站上（Patent Prep），分析R131和R132的區別:
●An affidavit under 37 C.F.R. 1.131, otherwise known as “swearing back”, is commonly used to overcome certain types of rejections. Learn when it is appropriate to swear back.
●Delve into the in's and out's of 37 C.F.R. 1.132.



先簡單的介紹，以後有讀到再詳細解說。